Reproductive toxicology. Nitrofurantoin.

Reproductive toxicology.

Ovarian toxicity and carcinogenicity in eight recent National Toxicology Program studies.

Ovarian toxicity and/or carcinogenicity has been documented for at least eight chemicals recently tested in National Toxicity Program prechronic and chronic rodent studies. The chemicals that yielded treatment-related ovarian lesions were 1,3-butadiene, 4-vinylcyclohexene, vinylcyclohexene deipoxide, nitrofurantoin, nitrofurazone, benzene, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and tricresylphosphate. T...

Use of ovary culture techniques in reproductive toxicology.

There is increasing evidence to indicate that a substantial number of both man-made and naturally occurring chemicals are disruptive to human and wildlife reproductive health. Currently, reproductive toxicology testing is primarily carried out in vivo, however, in the past 50 years, various culture methods have been developed with the aim of growing ovarian follicles in vitro. These culture sys...

Pharmacokinetics and expert systems as aids for risk assessment in reproductive toxicology.

A minimal approach to risk assessment in reproductive toxicology involves four components: hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure characterization, and risk characterization. In practice, risk assessment in reproductive toxicology has been reduced to arbitrary safety factors or mathematical models of the dose-response relationship. These approaches obscure biological differenc...

Biological markers of male reproductive toxicology.

Reproduction is a complex, stepwise series of processes that begins with gametogenesis, continues through gamete interaction, implantation, embryonic development, growth, parturition, and postnatal adaptation, and is completed with the development and sexual maturation of the newly formed organism. These reproductive processes do not take place in a chemically pristine environment, but rather i...